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Software Defined Vehicles

User Applications - Applications are software and services that interact or interface directly with drivers and passengers. Some examples of user applications in vehicles include:

• Navigation systems: Provide turn-by-turn directions, traffic updates, and real-time maps.
• Entertainment systems: Offer audio and video playback options, such as music streaming and video streaming services.
• Climate control systems: Allow drivers and passengers to adjust the temperature, ventilation, and air conditioning of the vehicle.
• Communication systems: Enable drivers and passengers to make hands-free calls, send texts, and access email through voice commands.
• Safety systems: Offer features such as collision avoidance, lane departure warning, and blind-spot monitoring.
• Charging systems: Provide real-time information on battery life, charging status, and available charging stations.
• Remote start systems: Allow drivers to remotely start the engine and turn on the air conditioning or heating.
• Digital cockpits: Offer an integrated display of vehicle information, including speed, fuel efficiency, and diagnostics.
• Vehicle control systems: Provide access to features such as cruise control, power windows, and door locks.

Instrumentation - Systems at the instrumentation layer are generally related to a vehicle’s functionality but don’t typically require direct intervention from a driver. Examples include Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and complex controllers.

Embedded OS - The core of the Software-Defined Vehicle, the embedded OS manages everything from sandboxing to general operations. These are typically built on microkernel architecture, allowing software capabilities and functionality to be added or removed modularly.

Hardware - The hardware layer includes the engine control unit and the chip on which the embedded operating system is installed. All other physical components of the vehicle also fall under this category.